What are offshore flows of money?

"Offshore" refers to a location outside of one's national boundaries, whether or not that location is land – or water – based. The term "offshore" may be used to describe foreign banks, corporations, investments and deposits. A company may legitimately move offshore for the purpose of tax avoidance or to enjoy relaxed regulations. Offshore financial institutions can also be used for illicit purposes such as money laundering and tax evasion.

How do they work?

CONDUIT 2 CONDUIT 1 DESTINATION ORIGIN a direct flow an offshore conduit flow and also this but not as much as the other. This is very blurry!

there is always an origin country from which money starts to move

towards a final country of destination.

It's not always so straightforward though. Money could pass through one or more conduit countries before arriving to the final destination.

Each flow of money between countries has also a certain degree of uncertainty that depends on how much confidence there is in the estimates.