"We have come a long way in Europe with how we ensure equality
between women and men. Nevertheless, we must be vigilant
as we see that many gains in this field are being put to the test.
In the context of persistent economic inequality and rising intolerance
– both online and in the public sphere – it is essential for the EU
to reaffirm its strong commitment to gender equality."

European Commission - 2017 Report on Equality between Women and Men in the EU

Mind the gap

The eu pay gap in 2015

The gender pay gap is the difference
between men's and women's pay,
based on the average difference
in gross hourly earnings of all
employed. On average, women in
the EU earn around 16% less per
hour than men.

NEW MAP 26.9% 5.5% Unkn o wn
legendapartfull11 Female Male

Tertiary education by gender

Education is a fundamental factor in achieving equality. The level of education that
European women access plays a huge role in their employability and consequently
their earnings. This graph investigates by country whether EU females are less
educated at a tertiary level.

new education Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Rep. Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Austria
Male
264,1
Austria
Female
947,1
Belgium
Male
251,9
Belgium
Female
897,4
Bulgaria
Male
30,6
Bulgaria
Female
35,8
Croatia
Male
46,3
Croatia
Female
58,2
Cyprus
Male
23,0
Cyprus
Female
28,8
Czech Republic
Male
93,6
Czech Republic
Female
252,0
Denmark
Male
278,1
Denmark
Female
504,2
Estonia
Male
25,1
Estonia
Female
46,8
Finland
Male
147,4
Finland
Female
251,2
France
Male
1133,1
France
Female
3860,1
Germany
Male
2459,3
Germany
Female
9072,3
Hungary
Male
83,3
Hungary
Female
144,8
Ireland
Male
143,3
Ireland
Female
312,9
Italy
Male
1154,1
Italy
Female
3122,4
Latvia
Male
29,2
Latvia
Female
53,4
Lithuania
Male
39,7
Lithuania
Female
69,7
Luxembourg
Male
9,3
Luxembourg
Female
41,0
Malta
Male
8,3
Malta
Female
20,0
Netherlands
Male
1273,9
Netherlands
Female
2982,2
Poland
Male
394,4
Poland
Female
754,8
Portugal
Male
238,4
Portugal
Female
311,0
Romania
Male
388,5
Romania
Female
334,6
Slovakia
Male
58,7
Slovakia
Female
91,3
Slovenia
Male
32,4
Slovenia
Female
58,1
Spain
Male
776,5
Spain
Female
2014,0
Sweden
Male
388,9
Sweden
Female
864,5
United Kingdom
Male
2244,6
United Kingdom
Female
6206,8
Austria
Male
1970,3
Austria
Female
1038,7
Belgium
Male
2213,7
Belgium
Female
1223,6
Bulgaria
Male
1577,0
Bulgaria
Female
1373,4
Croatia
Male
813,8
Croatia
Female
671,6
Cyprus
Male
165,4
Cyprus
Female
145,9
Czech Republic
Male
2783,1
Czech Republic
Female
2009,9
Denmark
Male
1225,1
Denmark
Female
832,2
Estonia
Male
304,3
Estonia
Female
268,4
Finland
Male
1118,2
Finland
Female
929,7
France
Male
12628,1
France
Female
8962,4
Germany
Male
19604,8
Germany
Female
10130,4
Hungary
Male
2277,7
Hungary
Female
1842,3
Ireland
Male
952,2
Ireland
Female
611,7
Italy
Male
12079,1
Italy
Female
6402,3
Latvia
Male
407,5
Latvia
Female
401,6
Lithuania
Male
623,2
Lithuania
Female
628,7
Luxembourg
Male
133,2
Luxembourg
Female
75,8
Malta
Male
109,0
Malta
Female
54,6
Netherlands
Male
3262,5
Netherlands
Female
908,5
Poland
Male
8538,6
Poland
Female
6509,1
Portugal
Male
2123,0
Portugal
Female
1932,8
Romania
Male
4417,6
Romania
Female
3308,1
Slovakia
Male
1319,5
Slovakia
Female
1022,6
Slovenia
Male
458,7
Slovenia
Female
365,8
Spain
Male
9224,3
Spain
Female
6326,8
Sweden
Male
2170,4
Sweden
Female
1481,9
United Kingdom
Male
14569,4
United Kingdom
Female
8552,9
legendapartfull Female Male Gap between the two values

Full time or part time?

Working hours by gender

Part time

Full time

fulltimee 0M 0,5M 1M 1,5M 2M 2,5M 3M 3,5M 4M 4,5M 5M 5,5M 6M 6,5M 7M 7,5M 8M 8,5M 9M 9,5M 10M 11M 12M 13M 14M 15M 16M 17M 18M 19M Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cro a tia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark E stonia Finland F rance Germany Hungary Ireland Italy L a tvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands P oland P ortugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
fulltimee 0M 0,5M 1M 1,5M 2M 2,5M 3M 3,5M 4M 4,5M 5M 5,5M 6M 6,5M 7M 7,5M 8M 8,5M 9M 9,5M 10M 11M 12M 13M 14M 15M 16M 17M 18M 19M Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cro a tia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark E stonia Finland F rance Germany Hungary Ireland Italy L a tvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands P oland P ortugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom

Male
154,0

Female
206,5

Male
159,0

Female
232,0

Male
142,7

Female
232,5

Male
144,0

Female
273,6

Male
186,1

Female
242,8/p>

Male
185,7

Female
328,3

Male
150,8

Female
245,0

Male
160,2

Female
249,2

Male
132,9

Female
254,3

Male
140,6

Female
257,8

Male
153,9

Female
258,1

Male
127,1

Female
268,1

Male
163,8

Female
268,8

Male
160,4

Female
282,3

Male
162,72

Female
303,84

Male
158,7

Female
246,3

Male
135,3

Female
268,9

Male
139,2

Female
221,4

Male
166,5

Female
286,2

Male
157,1

Female
295,8

Male
129,2

Female
296,1

Male
103,8

Female
315,2

Male
96,3

Female
328,3

Male
321,9

Female
268,7

Male
249,0

Female
210,0

Male
233,4

Female
172,5

Male
348,4

Female
247,6

Male
260,1

Female
194,6/p>

Male
237,6

Female
178,56

Male
265,6

Female
189,0

Male
264,1

Female
244,9

Male
354,0

Female
205,5

Male
297,2

Female
196,6

Male
333,8

Female
245,8

Male
327,2

Female
232,0

Male
281,6

Female
180,9

Male
295,3

Female
230,1

Male
322,56

Female
243,36

Male
261,5

Female
240,1

Male
364,8

Female
248,8

Male
200,3

Female
208,2

Male
299,8

Female
234,2

Male
303,2

Female
196,9

Male
343,9

Female
197,1

Male
349,3

Female
197,5

Male
372,3

Female
231,3

legendapartfull1 Female Male

Family & household duties

Paid & unpaid hours

The pay gap between fields

Gender differences in salary between different jobs

Pay Gap in Different Fields.ai-2 Arts, enterntainment & recre a tion Business Economy Financial & Insurance Human health & social work Inform a tion & communic a tion Manufacturing Professional, scientific & technical Real est a te Wholesale & retail trade Industr y , Construction & Services Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark E stonia Finland F rance Germany Hungary Italy L a tvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands P oland P ortugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK

why STEM?

We chose to investigate the Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths (STEM) field further, because it is one of the professional fields with a top 5 highest pay gap. Often at the forefront of current media debate, it is perceived as a male dominated field. However, our research led us to discover that this stereotype is inaccurate and that there are actually more female STEM graduates and employees working within Europe. This is interesting because it goes against the general findings and theme of our research, making it even more intriguing data to depict.

Austria
Graduated
948,1
Belgium
Graduated
1234,5
Bulgaria
Graduated
507,8
Croatia
Graduated
284,1
Cyprus
Graduated
94,4
Czech Republic
Graduated
771,7
Denmark
Graduated
568,3
Estonia
Graduated
121,9
Finland
Graduated
611,3
France
Graduated
6356,2
Germany
Graduated
8591
Greece
Graduated
940,5
Hungary
Graduated
642,2
Ireland
Graduated
519,9
Italy
Graduated
2904,1
Latvia
Graduated
141,6
Lithuania
Graduated
268,1
Luxembourg
Graduated
71,6
Malta
Graduated
27,8
Netherlands
Graduated
1896,3
Poland
Graduated
2721,3
Portugal
Graduated
596,1
Romania
Graduated
1021
Slovakia
Graduated
353,4
Slovenia
Graduated
169,1
Spain
Graduated
4915,8
Sweden
Graduated
1064,9
United Kingdom
Graduated
7998,2
Austria
Graduated
887,6
Belgium
Graduated
1432,1
Bulgaria
Graduated
784,3
Croatia
Graduated
346,5
Cyprus
Graduated
128
Czech Republic
Graduated
814,6
Denmark
Graduated
693
Estonia
Graduated
209,2
Finland
Graduated
818,9
France
Graduated
7503,8
Germany
Graduated
6505,6
Greece
Graduated
1046,4
Hungary
Graduated
856,9
Ireland
Graduated
646,8
Italy
Graduated
3760,3
Latvia
Graduated
269,4
Lithuania
Graduated
437,2
Luxembourg
Graduated
65,9
Malta
Graduated
30,1
Netherlands
Graduated
1843
Poland
Graduated
3986,6
Portugal
Graduated
932,4
Romania
Graduated
1106,7
Slovakia
Graduated
459,3
Slovenia
Graduated
240,2
Spain
Graduated
5580,7
Sweden
Graduated
1424,3
United Kingdom
Graduated
8708,9
Austria
Employed
785,5
Belgium
Employed
827,2
Bulgaria
Employed
317,2
Croatia
Employed
222,1
Cyprus
Employed
54,3
Czech Republic
Employed
849,7
Denmark
Employed
590,5
Estonia
Employed
79
Finland
Employed
505,3
France
Employed
4988,2
Germany
Employed
7965,2
Greece
Employed
494,9
Hungary
Employed
537,8
Ireland
Employed
317,9
Italy
Employed
3965,6
Latvia
Employed
99,8
Lithuania
Employed
147,2
Luxembourg
Employed
74,4
Malta
Employed
33,1
Netherlands
Employed
1779,9
Poland
Employed
2149,2
Portugal
Employed
633,4
Romania
Employed
798,7
Slovakia
Employed
306,3
Slovenia
Employed
138,4
Spain
Employed
2662
Sweden
Employed
1073,8
United Kingdom
Employed
5988,6
Austria
Employed
735,3
Belgium
Employed
889,2
Bulgaria
Employed
478,1
Croatia
Employed
272,7
Cyprus
Employed
57,6
Czech Republic
Employed
815,2
Denmark
Employed
612,2
Estonia
Employed
128,4
Finland
Employed
128,4
France
Employed
5103,9
Germany
Employed
5103,9
Greece
Employed
512
Hungary
Employed
753
Ireland
Employed
339,2
Italy
Employed
3317,8
Latvia
Employed
186,6
Lithuania
Employed
299,6
Luxembourg
Employed
67,2
Malta
Employed
27,1
Netherlands
Employed
1708,3
Poland
Employed
2953,6
Portugal
Employed
735,6
Romania
Employed
993,5
Slovakia
Employed
366,5
Slovenia
Employed
180,5
Spain
Employed
2650,5
Sweden
Employed
1183,6
United Kingdom
Employed
5841,2
legendapartfull Female Male

Males & females graduated
and employed in stem

steps forward

The EU is committed to working towards a fairer working environment
for women with more equal opportunities.

“We need to continue to raise awareness that equality is still not a given and marshal political action from all Member States, civil society and social partners. You may rely on us to continue to strive for upward convergence, and lead the way. We can reach equality.”

Frans Timmermans - First Vice-President, Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights