"We have come a long way in Europe with how we ensure equality
between women and men. Nevertheless, we must be vigilant
as we see that many gains in this field are being put to the test.
In the context of persistent economic inequality and rising intolerance
– both online and in the public sphere – it is essential for the EU
to reaffirm its strong commitment to gender equality."
European Commission - 2017 Report on Equality between Women and Men in the EU
Mind the gap
The eu pay gap in 2015
The gender pay gap is the difference
between men's and women's pay,
based on the average difference
in gross hourly earnings of all
employed. On average, women in
the EU earn around 16% less per
hour than men.
Tertiary education by gender
Education is a fundamental factor in achieving equality. The level of education that
European women access plays a huge role in their employability and consequently
their earnings. This graph investigates by country whether EU females are less
educated at a tertiary level.
Austria
Male
264,1
Austria
Female
947,1
Belgium
Male
251,9
Belgium
Female
897,4
Bulgaria
Male
30,6
Bulgaria
Female
35,8
Croatia
Male
46,3
Croatia
Female
58,2
Cyprus
Male
23,0
Cyprus
Female
28,8
Czech Republic
Male
93,6
Czech Republic
Female
252,0
Denmark
Male
278,1
Denmark
Female
504,2
Estonia
Male
25,1
Estonia
Female
46,8
Finland
Male
147,4
Finland
Female
251,2
France
Male
1133,1
France
Female
3860,1
Germany
Male
2459,3
Germany
Female
9072,3
Hungary
Male
83,3
Hungary
Female
144,8
Ireland
Male
143,3
Ireland
Female
312,9
Italy
Male
1154,1
Italy
Female
3122,4
Latvia
Male
29,2
Latvia
Female
53,4
Lithuania
Male
39,7
Lithuania
Female
69,7
Luxembourg
Male
9,3
Luxembourg
Female
41,0
Malta
Male
8,3
Malta
Female
20,0
Netherlands
Male
1273,9
Netherlands
Female
2982,2
Poland
Male
394,4
Poland
Female
754,8
Portugal
Male
238,4
Portugal
Female
311,0
Romania
Male
388,5
Romania
Female
334,6
Slovakia
Male
58,7
Slovakia
Female
91,3
Slovenia
Male
32,4
Slovenia
Female
58,1
Spain
Male
776,5
Spain
Female
2014,0
Sweden
Male
388,9
Sweden
Female
864,5
United Kingdom
Male
2244,6
United Kingdom
Female
6206,8
Austria
Male
1970,3
Austria
Female
1038,7
Belgium
Male
2213,7
Belgium
Female
1223,6
Bulgaria
Male
1577,0
Bulgaria
Female
1373,4
Croatia
Male
813,8
Croatia
Female
671,6
Cyprus
Male
165,4
Cyprus
Female
145,9
Czech Republic
Male
2783,1
Czech Republic
Female
2009,9
Denmark
Male
1225,1
Denmark
Female
832,2
Estonia
Male
304,3
Estonia
Female
268,4
Finland
Male
1118,2
Finland
Female
929,7
France
Male
12628,1
France
Female
8962,4
Germany
Male
19604,8
Germany
Female
10130,4
Hungary
Male
2277,7
Hungary
Female
1842,3
Ireland
Male
952,2
Ireland
Female
611,7
Italy
Male
12079,1
Italy
Female
6402,3
Latvia
Male
407,5
Latvia
Female
401,6
Lithuania
Male
623,2
Lithuania
Female
628,7
Luxembourg
Male
133,2
Luxembourg
Female
75,8
Malta
Male
109,0
Malta
Female
54,6
Netherlands
Male
3262,5
Netherlands
Female
908,5
Poland
Male
8538,6
Poland
Female
6509,1
Portugal
Male
2123,0
Portugal
Female
1932,8
Romania
Male
4417,6
Romania
Female
3308,1
Slovakia
Male
1319,5
Slovakia
Female
1022,6
Slovenia
Male
458,7
Slovenia
Female
365,8
Spain
Male
9224,3
Spain
Female
6326,8
Sweden
Male
2170,4
Sweden
Female
1481,9
United Kingdom
Male
14569,4
United Kingdom
Female
8552,9
Full time or part time?
Working hours by gender
Part time
Full time
Male 154,0
Female 206,5
Male 159,0
Female 232,0
Male 142,7
Female 232,5
Male 144,0
Female 273,6
Male 186,1
Female 242,8/p>
Male 185,7
Female 328,3
Male 150,8
Female 245,0
Male 160,2
Female 249,2
Male 132,9
Female 254,3
Male 140,6
Female 257,8
Male 153,9
Female 258,1
Male 127,1
Female 268,1
Male 163,8
Female 268,8
Male 160,4
Female 282,3
Male 162,72
Female 303,84
Male 158,7
Female 246,3
Male 135,3
Female 268,9
Male 139,2
Female 221,4
Male 166,5
Female 286,2
Male 157,1
Female 295,8
Male 129,2
Female 296,1
Male 103,8
Female 315,2
Male 96,3
Female 328,3
Male 321,9
Female 268,7
Male 249,0
Female 210,0
Male 233,4
Female 172,5
Male 348,4
Female 247,6
Male 260,1
Female 194,6/p>
Male 237,6
Female 178,56
Male 265,6
Female 189,0
Male 264,1
Female 244,9
Male 354,0
Female 205,5
Male 297,2
Female 196,6
Male 333,8
Female 245,8
Male 327,2
Female 232,0
Male 281,6
Female 180,9
Male 295,3
Female 230,1
Male 322,56
Female 243,36
Male 261,5
Female 240,1
Male 364,8
Female 248,8
Male 200,3
Female 208,2
Male 299,8
Female 234,2
Male 303,2
Female 196,9
Male 343,9
Female 197,1
Male 349,3
Female 197,5
Male 372,3
Female 231,3
Family & household duties
Paid & unpaid hours
The pay gap between fields
Gender differences in salary between different jobs
why STEM?
We chose to investigate the Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths (STEM) field further, because it is one of the professional fields with a top 5 highest pay gap. Often at the forefront of current media debate, it is perceived as a male dominated field. However, our research led us to discover that this stereotype is inaccurate and that there are actually more female STEM graduates and employees working within Europe. This is interesting because it goes against the general findings and theme of our research, making it even more intriguing data to depict.
Austria
Graduated
948,1
Belgium
Graduated
1234,5
Bulgaria
Graduated
507,8
Croatia
Graduated
284,1
Cyprus
Graduated
94,4
Czech Republic
Graduated
771,7
Denmark
Graduated
568,3
Estonia
Graduated
121,9
Finland
Graduated
611,3
France
Graduated
6356,2
Germany
Graduated
8591
Greece
Graduated
940,5
Hungary
Graduated
642,2
Ireland
Graduated
519,9
Italy
Graduated
2904,1
Latvia
Graduated
141,6
Lithuania
Graduated
268,1
Luxembourg
Graduated
71,6
Malta
Graduated
27,8
Netherlands
Graduated
1896,3
Poland
Graduated
2721,3
Portugal
Graduated
596,1
Romania
Graduated
1021
Slovakia
Graduated
353,4
Slovenia
Graduated
169,1
Spain
Graduated
4915,8
Sweden
Graduated
1064,9
United Kingdom
Graduated
7998,2
Austria
Graduated
887,6
Belgium
Graduated
1432,1
Bulgaria
Graduated
784,3
Croatia
Graduated
346,5
Cyprus
Graduated
128
Czech Republic
Graduated
814,6
Denmark
Graduated
693
Estonia
Graduated
209,2
Finland
Graduated
818,9
France
Graduated
7503,8
Germany
Graduated
6505,6
Greece
Graduated
1046,4
Hungary
Graduated
856,9
Ireland
Graduated
646,8
Italy
Graduated
3760,3
Latvia
Graduated
269,4
Lithuania
Graduated
437,2
Luxembourg
Graduated
65,9
Malta
Graduated
30,1
Netherlands
Graduated
1843
Poland
Graduated
3986,6
Portugal
Graduated
932,4
Romania
Graduated
1106,7
Slovakia
Graduated
459,3
Slovenia
Graduated
240,2
Spain
Graduated
5580,7
Sweden
Graduated
1424,3
United Kingdom
Graduated
8708,9
Austria
Employed
785,5
Belgium
Employed
827,2
Bulgaria
Employed
317,2
Croatia
Employed
222,1
Cyprus
Employed
54,3
Czech Republic
Employed
849,7
Denmark
Employed
590,5
Estonia
Employed
79
Finland
Employed
505,3
France
Employed
4988,2
Germany
Employed
7965,2
Greece
Employed
494,9
Hungary
Employed
537,8
Ireland
Employed
317,9
Italy
Employed
3965,6
Latvia
Employed
99,8
Lithuania
Employed
147,2
Luxembourg
Employed
74,4
Malta
Employed
33,1
Netherlands
Employed
1779,9
Poland
Employed
2149,2
Portugal
Employed
633,4
Romania
Employed
798,7
Slovakia
Employed
306,3
Slovenia
Employed
138,4
Spain
Employed
2662
Sweden
Employed
1073,8
United Kingdom
Employed
5988,6
Austria
Employed
735,3
Belgium
Employed
889,2
Bulgaria
Employed
478,1
Croatia
Employed
272,7
Cyprus
Employed
57,6
Czech Republic
Employed
815,2
Denmark
Employed
612,2
Estonia
Employed
128,4
Finland
Employed
128,4
France
Employed
5103,9
Germany
Employed
5103,9
Greece
Employed
512
Hungary
Employed
753
Ireland
Employed
339,2
Italy
Employed
3317,8
Latvia
Employed
186,6
Lithuania
Employed
299,6
Luxembourg
Employed
67,2
Malta
Employed
27,1
Netherlands
Employed
1708,3
Poland
Employed
2953,6
Portugal
Employed
735,6
Romania
Employed
993,5
Slovakia
Employed
366,5
Slovenia
Employed
180,5
Spain
Employed
2650,5
Sweden
Employed
1183,6
United Kingdom
Employed
5841,2
Males & females graduated
and employed in stem
steps forward
The EU is committed to working towards a fairer working environment
for women with more equal opportunities.
“We need to continue to raise awareness that equality is still not a given and marshal political action from all Member States, civil society and social partners. You may rely on us to continue to strive for upward convergence, and lead the way. We can reach equality.”
Frans Timmermans - First Vice-President, Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights